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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(2): 160-169, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1132430

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The increasing rates of nosocomial infection associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the rationale for this study, aiming to categorize oxacillin-resistant CoNS species recovered from blood culture specimens of inpatients at the UNESP Hospital das Clínicas in Botucatu, Brazil, over a 20-year period, and determine their sensitivity to other antimicrobial agents. The mecA gene was detected in 222 (74%) CoNS samples, and the four types of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) were characterized in 19.4%, 3.6%, 54.5%, and 14.4% of specimens, respectively, for types I, II, III, and IV. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to inhibit 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of specimens were, respectively, 2 and >256 µL/mL for oxacillin, 1.5 and 2 µL/mL for vancomycin, 0.25 and 0.5 µL/mL for linezolid, 0.094 and 0.19 µL/mL for daptomycin, 0.19 and 0.5 µL/mL for quinupristin/dalfopristin, and 0.125 and 0.38 µL/mL for tigecycline. Resistance to oxacillin and tigecycline and intermediate resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin were observed. Eight (2.7%) of all 300 CoNS specimens studied showed reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Results from this study show high resistance rates of CoNS to antimicrobial agents, reflecting the necessity of using these drugs judiciously and controlling nosocomial dissemination of these pathogens.


Subject(s)
Humans , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Coagulase/metabolism , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Staphylococcus/genetics , Staphylococcus/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Penicillin-Binding Proteins/genetics , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , Hospitals, Teaching
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(4): 801-807, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974302

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to compare two MALDI-TOF identification methods [(a) direct sample identification after pre-incubation; or (b) use of bacteria isolated on pre-culture)] to standard, traditional bench microbiology. A total of 120 quarter milk samples from 40 Holstein lactating cows were screened based on culture-positive results obtained by microbiological culture (reference method) with the following numbers of quarters positive per cow: 4 cows with 1, 8 cows with 2, 12 cows with 3 and 16 cows with 4 infected quarters per cow. For direct identification method, quarter milk samples (n = 120) were skimmed by centrifugation (10,000 × g/10 min) and pre-incubated at 37 ºC for 12 h. After pre-incubation, quarter milk samples were submitted to total bacterial count by flow cytometry and for a preparation protocol for bacterial ribosomal protein extraction followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The direct MALDI-TOF MS identification method compared to microbiological culture correctly identified isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (27.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (21.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.2%), and Streptococcus uberis (5.2%). The pre-incubation protocol of milk samples, associated to the direct identification method by MALDI-TOF MS, did not increase the identification at species level (score >2.0) of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis in comparison to the method without previous incubation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Infant , Cattle , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Milk/microbiology , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Staphylococcus/genetics , Staphylococcus/chemistry , Streptococcus/genetics , Streptococcus/chemistry , Milk/chemistry , Mastitis, Bovine/physiopathology
3.
Kasmera ; 36(1): 7-16, ene.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-517670

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones nosocomiales constituyen un problema de salud pública, debido a las altas tasas de morbimortalidad que ocasiona y por los altos costos económicos que generan. Las unidades de cuidados intensivos son una de las principales áreas donde se registra una alta incidencia de infección nosocomial, siendo la sepsis la principal infección en la cual se involucran una gran variedad de microorganismos. El grupo de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (SCN), es uno de los agentes etiológicos más frecuentemente aislados. De ahí nuestro interés en realizar la caracterización de 32 cepas de SCN aisladas de neonatos con infección nosocomial en la Unidad de Alto Riesgo Neonatal (UARN) del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes (IAHULA), Mérida, Venezuela; durante el período diciembre 1997-Abril 1999. Los resultados muestran que el aislamiento de SCN fue de 47,37 por ciento. El 78,1 por ciento de las cepas estudiadas se aislaron de neonatos con bacteremia. Las especies más frecuentes fueron S. epidermidis (46,9 por ciento) y S. warneri (34,4 por ciento). Todas las cepas evaluadas mostraron resistencia a la penicilina y en un 18,8 por ciento de ellas mediada por la producción de B-lactamasa. El 68,8 por ciento de las cepas fueron resistentes a oxacilina y el 78,1 por ciento a gentamicina. La mayoría de las cepas resistentes a oxacilina mostraron valores de CIM g/mL, y se detectó la presencia de la PBP2a. Ninguna de las cepas fueron hiperproductoras de B-lactamasa. Se observó una excelente actividad de la vancomicina y quinupristin-dalfopristin sobre todas las cepas SCN evaluadas. Debido al papel que tienen los SCN en la UARN del IAHULA, es necesario extremar las medidas de asepsia durante los procedimientos de diagnóstico y terapéuticos invasivos, con el propósito de evitar las infecciones causadas por este grupo de microorganismos.


Nosocomial infections constitute a public health problem due to a high level of morbidity and mortality, generating high health-care costs in hospitals. Intensive care units are the principal areas where a high incidence of nosocomial infections is reported. Bacterimia is the principal infection involving a large variety of microorganisms; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the 32 strains of CNS isolated from neonates with nosocomial infections in the High Risk Neonatal Unit (HRNU) at the University of the Andes Hospital Autonomous Institute (UAHAI), Mérida, Venezuela, from December 1997 to April 1999. Results showed that the isolation of CNS was 47.37 percent; 78.1 percent of the species were isolated from neonates with bacteremia. S. epidermidis (46.9 percent), and S. warneri (34.4 percent) were the species most frequently found. All pathogens showed resistance to penicillin and 18.8 percent of them produced ß-lactamase; 68.8 percent were resistant to oxacillin and 78.1 percent to gentamicin. Most of the oxacillin-resistant strains showed MIC values above 0.5 mg/mL and the presence of PBP2a was detected. None of the strains were hyper-producers of ß-lactamase. Vancomicin and quinuprintin/dalfopristin showed excellent activity against these CNS. Due to the role of CNS as a pathogen in the HRNU of UAHAI, strong asepsis measures during diagnosis and therapeutic invasive procedures must be taken to prevent infections caused by this group of microorganisms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Critical Care/methods , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Cross Infection/therapy , Methicillin Resistance , Phenotype , Staphylococcus/chemistry , Microbiology
4.
Reabilitar ; 8(31): 40-46, abr.-jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-468036

ABSTRACT

A terapia ultra-sônica caracteriza-se por ondas sonoras de alfa freqüência. O ultrasom subdivide-se em duas partes, o transdutor piezoelétrico e a corrente elétrica, sendo o último responsável por realizar a conversão de energia bruta em corrente elétrica alternada constante, que é transpassada pelo transdutor ao paciente. A técnica de aplicação do estímulo ultra-sônico expõe o transdutor em contato com o tecido afetado a ser tratado. Este fato identifica o equipamento e sua técnica de aplicações como possíveis veiculadores de bioagentes patogênicos. Os transdutores piezoelétricos ultrassônicos, de tamanho e marcas diversificadas, utilizados em pacientes foram submetidos à fricção circular com suabe embebido em soluções salina na área efetiva de radiação. No tempo de duas horas após a coleta foram semeados em meio de cultura de Brewer e Sabouraud. O crescimento obtido foi repicado para meios Agar-sangue, Agar-hipertônico-manitol e meio seletivo para gêneros Pseudomonas e Staphylococcus. A identificação foi feita por caracteres culturais e provas bioquímicas – Sistema BioMerieux Vitek. O crescimento fúngico foi identificado por caracteres morfológicos, culturais, provas bioquímicas e sorológicas, quando necessárias. Os resultados apontaram 65% de positividade nas amostras avaliadas com presença de agentes fúngicos e bacetrianos. A maior freqüência coube aos elementos fúngicos (40%) seguido de bacterianos (25%). Sugere-se necessidade de prevenção de transmissão de bioagentes por contato e melhora na qualidade do atendimento em fisioterapia.


Subject(s)
Biological Science Disciplines/instrumentation , Microbiology , Physical Therapy Specialty , Pseudomonas/classification , Staphylococcus/growth & development , Staphylococcus/chemistry , Culture Media , Microbiological Techniques , Transducers , Transducers/microbiology , Ultrasonics
5.
Colet. Inst. Tecnol. Alimentos ; 22(2): 154-76, jul.-dez. 1992. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-147897

ABSTRACT

Sessenta e seis pernis obtidos 2 dias post-mortem foram divididos em 3 grupos contendo 11 pernis por grupo. O grupo A (controle) consistiu de pernis näo inoculados enquanto os grupos B e C foram inoculados com Pediococcus cerevisas e "starter" comercial, respectivamente. O processo tecnológico adotado consistiu de cura a seco, equalizaçäo do sal, defumaçäo e maturaçäo. Após cada etapa do processo, os pernis eram pesados e amostras foram removidas para as determinaçöes físico-químicas, químicas, físicas e microbiológicas. A avaliaçäo sensorial foi incluída no período de maturaçäo do produto. Os resultados mostraram que os tratamentos A, B e C apresentaram um comportamento semelhante quanto à perda de peso durante o período de maturaçäo. Constatou-se que o teor de umidade dos pernis decresceu


Subject(s)
Animals , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Lactobacillus/chemistry , Food Handling/methods , Meat Products/microbiology , Micrococcus/chemistry , Staphylococcus/chemistry , Food Technology
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